What's in the Juvenile Justice section?
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Are We Making Smart Investments? - Positive Youth Development; Services to At-Risk Youth; Big Brother, Big Sisters; Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies; Community Youth Development
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Are We Ensuring Justice for All Children? - Race/ethnicity; Gender; Geography and economic conditions; Special needs; Age
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Addressing the School-to-Prison Pipeline - School discipline policies; Disciplinary alternaative education programs; Ticketing children; Zero tolerance; School police officers; Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports
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Choosing Strategies that Divert Youth from Crime - Delinquency prevention; Community-based juvenile probation; Assessing needs; Mental health and drug courts; Family therapy; Diversion programs
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Ensuring Kids in the System Get the Care They Need - TYC programming and outcomes; Children in the adult correctional system
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Creating Effective Transitions for Youth Leaving the Juvenile Justice System - Youth experiences after TYC
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Moving Toward a Judicial System that Understands What Kids Need - Judicial training
Download the Juvenile Justice section of A Report on the Bottom LIne: Conditions for Children and the Texas of Tomorrow.
Juvenile Justice Sources
5 Way to Go: School Success for Children with Mental Health Care Needs, Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, 2006.
6 Richard F. Catalano, M. Lisa Berglund, Jeanne A.M. Ryan, Heather S. Lonczak, J. David Hawkins,
Positive Youth Development in the United States: Research Findings on Evaluations of Positive Youth Development Programs, Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, 1998,
http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/positiveyouthdev99/index.htm#toc.
7 Richard F. Catalano, M. Lisa Berglund, Jeanne A.M. Ryan, Heather S. Lonczak, J. David Hawkins,
Positive Youth Development in the United States: Research Findings on Evaluations of Positive Youth Development Programs, Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, 1998,
http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/positiveyouthdev99/index.htm#toc.
8 "STAR Program Supporting Documentation," Texas Network of Youth Services, insert pdf link from email.
10 Richard F. Catalano, M. Lisa Berglund, Jeanne A.M. Ryan, Heather S. Lonczak, J. David Hawkins,
Positive Youth Development in the United States: Research Findings on Evaluations of Positive Youth Development Programs, Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, 1998,
http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/positiveyouthdev99/index.htm#toc.
11 Steve Aos, Roxanne Lieb, Jim Mayfield, Marna Miller, and Annie Pennucci,
Benefits and Costs of Prevention and Early Intervention Programs for Youth, (Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy, 2004), p. 6,
http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/rptfiles/04-07-3901.pdf
14 Richard F. Catalano, M. Lisa Berglund, Jeanne A.M. Ryan, Heather S. Lonczak, J. David Hawkins,
Positive Youth Development in the United States: Research Findings on Evaluations of Positive Youth Development Programs, Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, 1998,
http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/positiveyouthdev99/index.htm#toc.
29 Jo Ann Burbridge, "Minority Overrepresentation: House Bill 1118, Preliminary Analysis, Research Plan, Methodology, Data Needs," Texas Juvenile Crime PreventionCenter, Prairie View A&M University, Power Point Presentation,
www.pvamu.edu/pages/447.asp.
31 The Keeper and the Kept: Reflections on Local Obstacels to Disparities Reduction in Juvenile Justice Systems and a Path to Change, W. Haywood Burns Institute, December 2009.
32 Alex R. Piquero, "Disproportionate Minority Contact," Juvenile Justice, 18: no.2, Fall 2008, http://www.princeton.edu/futureofchildren/publications/journals/article/index.xml?journalid=31&articleid=42§ionid=122.
33 Dottie Carmichael, Guy Whitten, and Michael Voloudakis, Study of Minority Over-Representation in the Texas Juvenile Justice System: Final Report to the Office of the Governor Criminal Justice Division, (College Station, TX: The Public Policy Research Institute at Texas A&M University, 2005),
http://dmcfinalreport.tamu.edu/.
35 Albert Cortez and Josie Danini Cortez, Disciplinary Alternative Education Programs in Texas〞A 2009 Update, the Intercultural Development Research Association, 2009,
http://www.idra.org/page,shop.product_details/flypage,shop.flypage/product_id,73/category_id,1/manufacturer_id,0/option,com_virtuemart/Itemid,301/.
38 The Keeper and the Kept: Reflections on Local Obstacles to Disparities Reduction in Juvenile Justice Systems and a Path to Change, W. Haywood Burns Institute, December 2009.
39 Deitch, Michele, et.al. (2009). From Time Out to Hard Time: Young Children in the Adult Criminal Justice System, Austin, TX: The University of Texas at Austin, LBJ School of Public Affairs.
40 Deitch, Michele, et.al. (2009). From Time Out to Hard Time: Young Children in the Adult Criminal Justice System, Austin, TX: The University of Texas at Austin, LBJ School of Public Affairs.
41 Nancy Arrigona, garret Hodgson, and Tom Reed, An Overview of Juvenile Certification in Texas, Criminal Justice Policy Council, 1999.
42 Deitch, Michele, et.al. (2009), From Time Out to Hard Time: Young Children in the Adult Criminal Justice System, Austin, TX: The University of Texas at Austin, LBJ School of Public Affairs.
44 Deitch, Michele, et.al. (2009), From Time Out to Hard Time: Young Children in the Adult Criminal Justice System, Austin, TX: The University of Texas at Austin, LBJ School of Public Affairs.
45 Will Harrell and Terry Schuster, Meeting the Special Needs of TDCJ's Youthful Offenders, (Austin; Office of the Independent Ombudsman for the Texas Youth Commission, 2008).
48 The Keeper and the Kept: Reflections on Local Obstacels to Disparities Reduction in Juvenile Justice Systems and a Path to Change, W. Haywood Burns Institute, December 2009.
49 Texas Appleseed, "Texas' School-to-Prison Pipeline: Expulsions, The Path from Lockout to Dropout," April 2010.
51 "Who Are Special Education Students?" http://www.cec.sped.org/Content/NavigationMenu/ProfessionalDevelopment/CareerCenter/WhoAreStudentswithDisabilities/default.htm.
53 Texas Appleseed, "Texas' School-to-Prison Pipeline: Expulsions, The Path from Lockout to Dropout," April 2010.
55 Texas Education Code∫37.006(f) (1).
56 Texas Appleseed. "Texas' School-to-Prison Pipeline: The Impact of School Discipline and Zero Tolerance." October 2007.
http://www.texasappleseed.net/pdf/Pipeline%20Report.pdf p.5 This number was calculated by adding the number of pre-K students referred, 500, and number of kindergarten and 1st graders referred, 2,700 as reported by Texas Appleseed.
57 Walter S. Gilliam, "Pre-Kindergarteners Left Behind: Expulsion Rates in State Prekindergarten Programs," Foundation for Child Development, FCD Policy Brief Series no. 3. May 2005, http://www.fcdus.org/usr_doc/ExpulsionCompleteReport.pdf.
60 Jo Ann Burbridge, "Minority Overrepresentation: House Bill 1118, Preliminary Analysis, Research Plan, Methodology, Data Needs," Texas Juvenile Crime PreventionCenter, Prairie View A&M University, Power Point Presentation,
www.pvamu.edu/pages/447.asp.
63 Dottie Carmichael, Guy Whitten, and Michael Voloudakis, Study of Minority Over-Representation in the Texas Juvenile Justice System: Final Report to the Office of the Governor Criminal Justice Division, (College Station, TX: The Public Policy Research Institute at Texas A&M University, 2005),
http://dmcfinalreport.tamu.edu/.
68 Texas Juvenile Probation Commission. "About us." http://www.tjpc.state.tx.us/aboutus/default.htm Accessed: October 19, 2009.
69 Texas Youth Commission-Texas Juvenile Probation Commission Coordinated Strategic Plan. Executive Committee Packet. October 7, 2009. P.5.
76 Texas Juvenile Probation Commission
. The State of Juvenile Probation Activity in Texas for Calendar Year 2005. Published September 2007.
http://www.tjpc.state.tx.us/publications/reports/RPTSTAT2005.pdf Accessed: October 28, 2009. This was based on a calculated produced by Texas Public Policy Foundation from the TJPC report and TEA data on suspensions.
78 Teachers College, Columbia University. (2005, October). The social costs of inadequate education. Symposium conducted at Columbia University, New York. from American Counseling Association, et al. Facts about School Mental Health Services. http://www.counseling.org/Files/FD.ashx?guid=506ec6e8-5c68-410d-b618-eae0b97d47ad Accessed: October 20, 2009.
82 Texas Constitution. ∫39, Article III. H.B. 171
84 Texas Youth Commission. "How offenders get to TYC." http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/about/how_gethere.html Accessed: October 19, 2009.
87 Patterson, G.R., Dishion, T.J. & Chamberlain, P. (1993) Outcomes and methodological issues related to treatment of antisocial children. In R.R. Giles (Eds.) Handbook of Effective Psychotherapy (pp. 43-88). New York: Plenum Press.
88 The High/Scope Press; Provence, S. (1985) On the efficacy of early intervention programs. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 6, pp. 363-366.; Seitz, V., Rosenbaum, L.K., & Apfel, N.H. (1985) Effects of family support intervention: A ten-year follow up. Child Development, 56, pp. 376-391.; Webster-Stratton, C. (1998) Preventing conduct problems in Head Start children: Strengthening parenting competencies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, pp. 715-730.; Weikart, D.P. (1998) Changing early childhood development through educational intervention. Preventive Medicine, 27, pp. 233-237.
89 Horner, R., Sugai, G., Smolkowski, K., Eber, L., Nakasato, J., Todd, A., and J. Esperanza. (2009). A Randomized, Wait-List Controlled Effectiveness Trial Assessing School-Wide Positive Behavior Support in Elementary Schools, Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, Vol. 11, No. 3, 133-144
91 Loeber, R., Farrington, D., and D. Petechuk. (2003) Child Delinquency: Bulletin Series. U.S Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
92 Grisso, Thomas. (2008) "Adolescent Offenders with Mental Disorders
". Juvenile Justice, Vol. 18, No. 2. The Future of Children.
www.futureofchildren.org
94 Loeber, R., Farrington, D., and D. Petechuk. (2003) Child Delinquency: Bulletin Series. U.S Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
95 Texas Juvenile Probation Commission and Juvenile Justice Practitioners. (2008) Texas Juvenile Probation: Today and Tomorrow.
97 Texas Health and Human Services Commission. (2008) A Report to the Governor and the 81st Legislature on the Community Resource Coordination Groups of Texas.
98 Texas Family Code Sec. 51.21
100 Texas Juvenile Probation Commission. Models for Change: Systems Reform in Juvenile Justice Grant Application.
102 National Center for Mental Health and Juvenile Justice. (2006)
Juvenile Mental Health Courts: An Emerging Strategy. http://www.ncmhjj.com/pdfs/publications/JuvenileMentalHealthCourts.pdf; Council of State Governments Justice Center (2008).
Mental Health Courts: A Primer for Policy Makers and Practitioners.
http://consensusproject.org/mhcp/mhc-primer.pdf; Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
105 Texas Juvenile Probation Commission. (2009). Front End Diversion Initiative Program: Policy and Procedure Manual Overview.
106 Texas Juvenile Probation Commission. (2008) Overview of the Special Needs Diversionary Program for Mentally Ill Juvenile Offenders, FY 2007. http://www.criminaljusticecoalition.org/files/userfiles/juvenilejustice/Best_Practices/Overview_of_the_Special_Needs_Diversionary_Program_for_Mentally_Ill_Juvenile_Offenders,_FY_2007.pdf
108 Steve Aos, Roxanne Lieb, Jim Mayfield, Marna Miller, and Annie Pennucci,
Benefits and Costs of Prevention and Early Intervention Programs for Youth,, (Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy, 2004), p. 4,
http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/rptfiles/04-07-3901.pdf.
110 Peter Greenwood, "Prevention and Intervention Programs for Juvenile Offenders".
Juvenile Justice, 18, No. 2, 2008, The Future of Children,
www.futureofchildren.org
111 Donat, D. (2005). "Encouraging alternatives to seclusion, restraint, and reliance on PRN drugs in a public hospital." Psychiatric Services, 56(9), 1105-1108.
113 U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (1999).
The Relationship Between Mental Health and Substance Abuse Among Adolescents. Office of Applied Studies.
http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/nhsda/a-9/toc.htm
116 Donat, D. (2005). "Encouraging alternatives to seclusion, restraint, and reliance on PRN drugs in a public hospital." Psychiatric Services, 56(9), 1105-1108.
117 Steve Aos, Roxanne Lieb, Jim Mayfield, Marna Miller, and Annie Pennucci,
Benefits and Costs of Prevention and Early Intervention Programs for Youth,, (Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy, 2004), p. 4,
http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/rptfiles/04-07-3901.pdf.
118 Steve Aos, Roxanne Lieb, Jim Mayfield, Marna Miller, and Annie Pennucci,
Benefits and Costs of Prevention and Early Intervention Programs for Youth,, (Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy, 2004), p. 4,
http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/rptfiles/04-07-3901.pdf.
122 "Aggression Replacement Training," Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Model Programs Guide, http://www2.dsgonline.com/mpg/mpg_program_detail.aspx?ID=292&title=Aggression%20Replacement%20Training%C2%AE%20(ART%C2%AE).
123 "Aggression Replacement Training," Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Model Programs Guide, http://www2.dsgonline.com/mpg/mpg_program_detail.aspx?ID=292&title=Aggression%20Replacement%20Training%C2%AE%20(ART%C2%AE).
124 Steve Aos, Roxanne Lieb, Jim Mayfield, Marna Miller, and Annie Pennucci,
Benefits and Costs of Prevention and Early Intervention Programs for Youth,, (Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy, 2004), p. 4,
http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/rptfiles/04-07-3901.pdf.
126 Nancy Arrigona, Garret Hodgson, and Tom Reed, An Overview of Juvenile Certification in Texas, Criminal Justice Policy Council, 1999.
127 Nancy Arrigona, Garret Hodgson, and Tom Reed, An Overview of Juvenile Certification in Texas, Criminal Justice Policy Council, 1999.
128 Deitch, Michele, et.al. (2009). From Time Out to Hard Time: Young Children in the Adult Criminal Justice System, Austin, TX: The University of Texas at Austin, LBJ School of Public Affairs
129 Nancy Arrigona, Texas Juvenile Probation Commission, "Texas Juvenile Certifications by Offense, FY 2009," Email correspondence, May 3, 2010.
131 Task Force on Youth in the Criminal Justice System of the American Bar Association Criminal Justice Section, Youth in the Criminal Justice System: Guidelines for Policymakers and Practitioners, 2001.
132 Deitch, Michele, et.al. (2009). From Time Out to Hard Time: Young Children in the Adult Criminal Justice System, Austin, TX: The University of Texas at Austin, LBJ School of Public Affairs
133 Geralyn Engman, "Minors in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice" (address, Texas Juvenile Justice Roundtable, Lifeworks, Austin, December 16, 2009).
134 Geralyn Engman, "Minors in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice" (address, Texas Juvenile Justice Roundtable, Lifeworks, Austin, December 16, 2009).
135 Will Harrell, and Terry Schuster, "Meeting the Special Needs of TDCJ's Youthful Offenders," Office of the Independent Ombudsman for the Texas Youth Commission, May 2008.
136 Geralyn Engman, "Minors in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice" (address, Texas Juvenile Justice Roundtable, Lifeworks, Austin, December 16, 2009).
137 Michele Deitch, "Juveniles Tried as Adults: Need for Reform" (address, Texas Juvenile Justice Roundtable, Lifeworks, Austin, December 16, 2009).
138 Deitch, Michele, et.al. (2009). From Time Out to Hard Time: Young Children in the Adult Criminal Justice System, Austin, TX: The University of Texas at Austin, LBJ School of Public Affairs
141 Urban Institute Justice Policy Center. (2004). The Dimensions, Pathways, and Consequences of Youth Reentry.
144 Sherman, L., Gottredson, D., MacKenzie, D., Eck, J., Reuter, P., and Bushway, S., eds.(1997). Preventing Crime: What Works, What Doesn't, What's Promising. Report to U.S. Congress. Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice.
145 Altschuler, D., Armstrong, T., and D. MacKenzie. (1999) Reintegration, Supervised Release, and Intensive Aftercare. Bulletin. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Offices of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
146 National Technical Assistance Center for Children's Mental Health. (2005). Issue Brief: Transforming the Workforce in Children's Mental Health. Georgetown University Center for Child and Human Development.
148 Roper v. Simmons from U.S. Supreme Court Media. Available: http://www.oyez.org/cases/2000-2009/2004/2004_03_633 Accessed 11/2009. Roper v. Simmons established that adolescents were fundamentally different from adults and as a result, it would be unconstitutional to subject a youth offender to the death penalty.
149 Arredondo, David E. Principles of Child Development and Juvenile Justice: Information for Decision-Makers. Journal of the Center for Families Children & the Courts. 2004. Accessed 11/2009. p. 127
150 Texas Youth Commission. "Who Are TYC Offenders?" Four out of 10 youth in TYC have a documented history of being abused or neglected as a child; 71% of TYC youth come from a "chaotic environment." Accessed on August 16, 2010.
http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/research/youth_stats.html
151 Arredondo, David E. Principles of Child Development and Juvenile Justice: Information for Decision-Makers. Journal of the Center for Families Children & the Courts. 2004. Accessed 11/2009. P. 129
153 Court of Criminal Appeals. "Rules of Judicial Education." Effective September 1, 2005. Amended 2008.
http://www.cca.courts.state.tx.us/rules/JERules/rules2006.amended2008.doc Accessed 11/2009. Approved organizations include: Judicial Section of the State Bar of Texas; Texas Center for the Judiciary, Inc.; The Texas Association of Counties; National Judicial College; Appellate Judges' Conferences of the American Bar Association; National Conference of Chief Justices; American Academy of Judicial Education; Institute of Judicial Administration; Texas College of Probate Judges; National College of Probate Judges; An accredited law school; A local, state or national bar association; A professional organization devoted to improvement of the legal profession such as the Texas Association of Defense Counsel and the Texas Trial Lawyers Association; The County Judges and Commissioners Association of Texas or the V.G. Young Institute of Texas A&M University; Texas Criminal Defense Lawyers Association; Texas District and County Attorneys Association; Wright Lecture Series; and National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges.
164 Books for Professionals. National Family Resiliency Center, Inc. http://www.nfrchelp.org/html/bk4pros.htm Accessed 11/2009.
167 Delinquency Model Court participant data was reported by Cheri Ely, Program Manager, Juvenile and Family Law Department, National Council on Juvenile and Family Court Judges in 11/2009.
