Education Beats Suspension

This commentary originally appeared in the Austin American-StatesmanBeaumont Enterprise, and the McAllen Monitor.

What about the four-year-old who tears posters off the classroom wall? Or the pre-k student who threw his shoes?
 
Those are two of the responses we’ve received to our report about the 101,000 times Texas school districts suspended students in pre-k through second grade in a single year.
 
We can imagine how frustrating and disruptive it was for the teachers and students when those pre-k kids acted out like that.
 
In fact, one of the main reasons we published our report is to cut down on that behavior.
 
Our report urges school districts to implement the kinds of effective strategies that some Texas districts — like Houston, Austin, Dallas, and El Paso ISDs — have used to reduce pre-k through second-grade suspensions and provide support to teachers and students to improve behavior.
 
Instead of issuing lots of suspensions to little kids, some districts are working on keeping their four-year-olds or six-year-olds from getting so upset that size 1 Spiderman shoes start flying. They are working on responding to the little shoe-throwers in a way that prevents the next meltdown. To reach these goals, districts are providing more counseling to kids, implementing effective models like Positive Behavioral Interventions and Support (PBIS), training teachers on social and emotional learning and restorative justice, and more.

Issuing lots of suspensions to our youngest students, on the other hand, does nothing to teach little kids how to manage big emotions. And it doesn’t address other factors — like a student’s disability or a teacher’s need for new classroom management strategies — that can lead to challenging behavior.
 
The state data in our report underscore that many of the children who need the most help are the ones that often get suspended: Texas school districts disproportionately suspend pre-k through second-grade students who are in special education or foster care.
 
For a seven-year-old in special education who is already behind academically and starting to feel out of place at school, the suspensions double down on those challenges.
 
For a six-year-old who has been abused, removed from his family, and placed in foster care, school suspensions add more disruption and rejection to his life.
 
The data also show that kids and teachers in certain districts would particularly benefit from more effective strategies. Some districts with large concentrations of poor kids have successfully worked to keep pre-k suspensions to a minimum. On the other hand, Jasper ISD issued a shocking 80 suspensions to its cohort of 122 pre-k students and Killeen ISD meted out a stunning 1,460 suspensions to a pre-k enrollment of 3,423 students, according to TEA data on the 2015-2016 school year. In fact, Killeen had less than 2 percent of the state’s pre-k kids, but 31 percent of the state’s pre-k suspensions. (The one way that Killeen’s student body is notably different from most other districts is its high number of military families, but the district had an even higher rate of suspensions for pre-k kids who are not from military families.)
 
Discipline policies and practices aren’t just inconsistent from district to district. Reaction to kids’ behavior also varies depending on the demographic profile of the child. National research shows that Black and White educators react more harshly to Black students and male students, even when they behave the same as other students. Indeed, state data confirm that Texas schools disproportionately suspend these students in pre-k through second grade.
 
The good news is that many Texas school districts are already making positive changes and the Legislature has recognized the importance of the issue. Last year, legislators passed a state law to prohibit most out-of-school suspensions in these early grades and authorize positive behavioral strategies.
 
Yet there is more work to do to improve behavior and ensure kids and teachers have the support they need. More school district leaders — especially those with the highest early suspension rates — should implement strategies that effectively improve behavior. They should commit to tracking and reducing in-school suspensions in early grades, especially for those students who are disproportionately suspended. To help them get the job done, state leaders should monitor suspensions, strengthen the state’s pre-k policies, and provide districts with greater funding and technical assistance.